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Attribution

This information is based on a professional level monograph edited and peer-reviewed by contributors to the Natural Standard Research Collaboration: Ethan Basch, MD (Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center); Samuel Basch, MD (Mt. Sinai Medical Center); Steve Bent, MD (University of California, San Francisco); Heather Boon, BScPhm, PhD (University of Toronto); Edzard Ernst, MD, PhD (University of Exeter); Ivo Foppa, MD, ScD (Harvard School of Public Health); Paul Hammerness, MD (Harvard Medical School); Adrianne Rogers (Boston University School of Medicine); Susanne Schadde, MD (Natural Standard Research Collaboration); Jens Hasskarl, MD (Harvard Medical School); David Sollars, MAc, HMC (New England School of Acupuncture); Candy Tsourounis, PharmD (University of California, San Francisco); Catherine Ulbricht, PharmD (Massachusetts General Hospital); Wendy Weissner, BA (Natural Standard Research Collaboration); Jen Woods, BS (Northeastern University).

Bibliography

DISCLAIMER: Natural Standard developed the above evidence-based information based on a thorough systematic review of the available scientific articles. For comprehensive information about alternative and complementary therapies on the professional level, go to www.naturalstandard.com. Selected references are listed below.

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Boerner RJ, Sommer H, Berger W, et al. Kava-Kava extract LI 150 is as effective as Opipramol and Buspirone in Generalised Anxiety Disorder--an 8-week randomized, double-blind multi-centre clinical trial in 129 out-patients. Phytomedicine. 2003;10 Suppl 4:38-49.View Abstract

Cagnacci A, Arangino S, Renzi A, et al. Kava-Kava administration reduces anxiety in perimenopausal women. Maturitas 2-25-2003;44(2):103-109.View Abstract

Cairney S, Clough AR, Maruff P, et al. Saccade and cognitive function in chronic kava users. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003;28(2):389-396.View Abstract

Connor KM, Davidson JR. A placebo-controlled study of Kava kava in generalized anxiety disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002;17(4):185-188.View Abstract

Escher M, Desmeules J, Giostra E, et al. Hepatitis associated with Kava, a herbal remedy for anxiety. BMJ 1-20-2001;322(7279):139.View Abstract

Garrett KM, Basmadjian G, Khan IA, et al. Extracts of kava (Piper methysticum) induce acute anxiolytic-like behavioral changes in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2003;170(1):33-41.View Abstract

Pittler MH, Ernst E. Efficacy of kava extract for treating anxiety: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000;20(1):84-89.View Abstract

Russmann S, Lauterburg BH, Helbling A. Kava hepatotoxicity. Ann.Intern.Med 7-3-2001;135(1):68-69.View Abstract

Schmidt P, Boehncke WH. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to kava-kava extract. Contact Dermatitis 2000;42(6):363-364.View Abstract

Steiner GG. The correlation between cancer incidence and kava consumption. Hawaii Med J 2000;59(11):420-422.View Abstract

Stevinson C, Huntley A, Ernst E. A systematic review of the safety of kava extract in the treatment of anxiety. Drug Saf 2002;25(4):251-261.View Abstract

Thompson R, Ruch W, Hasenohrl RU. Enhanced cognitive performance and cheerful mood by standardized extracts of Piper methysticum (Kava-kava). Hum.Psychopharmacol. 2004;19(4):243-250.View Abstract

Ulbricht C, Basch E, Boon H, et al. Safety review of kava (Piper methysticum) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2005 Jul;4(4):779-94.View Abstract

Volz HP, Kieser M. Kava-kava extract WS 1490 versus placebo in anxiety disorders--a randomized placebo-controlled 25-week outpatient trial. Pharmacopsychiatry 1997;30(1):1-5.View Abstract

Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.