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Synonyms

5-Hydroxytroptophan, Griffonia simplicifolia, L-5-HTP, L-5-Hydroxytroptophan, oxitriptan, Tript-OH, tryptophan.

Note: Not to be confused with L-tryptophan.

Background

5-HTP is the precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin. It is obtained commercially from the seeds of the plant Griffonia simplicifolia.

5-HTP has been suggested as a treatment for many conditions. There is some research to support the use of 5-HTP in treating cerebellar ataxia, headache, depression, psychiatric disorders, fibromyalgia and as an appetite suppressant or weight-loss agent. There is not enough scientific evidence to support the use of 5-HTP for any other medical condition.

5-HTP may cause gastrointestinal disturbances, mood disturbances, seizure or abnormal blood counts. Some reported side effects might result from contaminants in 5-HTP products.

There has been recent interest in the use of 5-HTP as a precursor therapeutic agent to increase serotonin production. 5-HTP has replaced tryptophan, which was previously used in that role, but has been linked to serious adverse effects.

5-HTP has orphan drug status for the treatment of post-anoxic myoclonus (Lance-Adams syndrome), a rare complication of successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Evidence

Cerebellar ataxia : Cerebellar ataxia results from the failure of part of the brain to regulate body posture and limb movements. 5-HTP has been observed to have benefits in some people who have difficulty standing or walking because of cerebellar ataxia. However, current evidence is mixed. Further research is needed before a strong conclusion can be drawn.
Grade: B

Depression: The results of numerous studies in humans suggest that 5-HTP may aid in the treatment of depression. However, it is not known whether 5-HTP is as effective as commonly prescribed antidepressant drugs.
Grade: B

Fibromyalgia: There is a small amount of research evaluating the use of 5-HTP for fibromyalgia, and early evidence suggests that 5-HTP may reduce the number of tender points, anxiety and intensity of pain and may improve sleep, fatigue and morning stiffness. Additional studies with larger numbers of people are needed to determine what dose may be safe and effective.
Grade: B

Headaches: There is evidence from several studies in both children and adults that 5-HTP may be effective in reducing the severity and frequency of headaches, including tension headaches and migraines. Fewer pain-relieving medications may be needed when taken with 5-HTP; however, many of the available studies show that more proven pharmaceutical drugs may work better than 5-HTP for headaches. Further research is needed.
Grade: B

Obesity: 5-HTP inhibits eating behavior in animals by altering serotonin in the brain. Studies in humans also suggest that 5-HTP may reduce eating behaviors, lessen caloric intake and promote weight loss in obese individuals. Large, well-designed studies comparing 5-HTP with prescription appetite-suppressant drugs are needed to make a firm recommendation.
Grade: B

Alcoholism (withdrawal symptoms): Early study suggests that 5-HTP may lessen alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Further research is needed to confirm these results.
Grade: C

Downs syndrome: Preliminary study of 5-HTP in children with Downs syndrome yields insignificant results. Further research is necessary.
Grade: C

Psychiatric disorders: It has been suggested that 5-HTP may reduce psychotic symptoms and mania or aid in panic disorder, but studies in people with schizophrenia have shown different results. Further well-designed research is needed.
Grade: C

Sleep disorders: There is insufficient evidence regarding the use of 5-HTP for sleep disorders. Additional studies are needed before a conclusion can be drawn.
Grade: C

Seizures/epilepsy (myoclonic disorders): Although 5-HTP has been studied as a treatment for various myoclonic syndromes and epilepsy, available research does not support the use of 5-HTP for these conditions.
Grade: D