The Basics of Allergy Video Transcript

Participants

Beth Corn MD, Gillian M. Shepherd M.D., Marjorie L. Slankard MD

Summary

What is an allergy and what is it that causes some people to suffer from them? Why do allergies flare up during certain times of the year? Learn about the basics of allergies and what strategies can help.

Webcast Transcript

ANNOUNCER: On some of the most beautiful days - when the weather's wonderful - it can be miserable for people like Eve Rubenstein. Eve has allergies.

EVE RUBENSTEIN: I'm allergic to fresh cut grass, trees that are in bloom, cats, rats, cockroaches, dust, dust mites, mold, cologne, sometimes hair spray.

ANNOUNCER: Like millions of Americans each year, Eve has to combat itchy eyes, a runny nose, sneezing and congestion. But just what is it that makes some like Eve suffer, when others do not?

BETH CORN, MD: An allergy is when your body sees an ordinary substance as foreign. And because it sees the substance as foreign, it does anything it can to combat the substance.

GILLIAN SHEPHERD, MD: It's an inherited tendency, but you don't specifically inherit allergy to penicillin, or allergy to grass pollen. You inherit a general tendency of the immune system to overreact.

When the immune system does overreact and cause allergy, the poor allergy patient makes too much of a substance called, allergic antibody. We call it IgE antibody. It's a protein in the blood.

In the case of grass pollen, you'll have too much of it in your nose. So when grass pollen enters, it'll bind with this allergy protein, which releases a lot of chemicals and most people are familiar with the one, histamine. It also induces a lot of itching, eyes, nose, sneezing. And if you breathe it down into the chest, you very easily get asthma.

If you breathe in a great deal or more commonly, you take something by mouth, a medicine or get an injection, you can have a whole body reaction that really can be a life-threatening reaction, we call anaphylaxis.

ANNOUNCER: There are two main types of allergy-seasonal, and chronic or year-round allergies.

BETH CORN, MD: Hay fever is usually what presents in the springtime. And the reason that it has this name is because about 150 years ago, the hay harvesting season was in the spring, and so people thought that these symptoms were from hay. But in actuality, the symptoms are caused by grass and trees.

MARJORIE SLANKARD, MD: In addition there are year-round factors such as house dust mites, cat and dog dander, and also molds, which can increase in seasons, but can be present indoors all year round.

GILLIAN SHEPHERD, MD: Commonly people have allergies as a child and by the time, usually with puberty, the allergies will settle down. And then suddenly pop back again 20's, 30's, 40's. Although it's less common, we all have patients in their 70's and 80's who will develop allergy for the first time.

ANNOUNCER: Having allergic symptoms can greatly affect a person's quality of life.

BETH CORN, MD: I think people just tolerate the symptoms, and they just feel like "Well I'm somebody who just sneezes a lot. I'm just somebody who feels itchy a lot. I'm just somebody who clears my throat a lot."

EVE RUBENSTEIN: There were definitely times where I was just, I just felt like fine. I'll just live with it for awhile. But then it gets to a point where it's so frustrating that you don't want to live with it anymore. Because it really affects the way you function.

ANNOUNCER: Fortunately, allergy sufferers have many treatment options available.

MARJORIE SLANKARD, MD: The most common treatments for allergic rhinitis, which are allergies of the nose, are antihistamines. Any individual who has bad allergic rhinitis and or allergic conjunctivitis should at least have a good antihistamine to take. There are many that are available as over-the-counter antihistamines.