Acquired Immune Deficiency Sy... : Doctor Special...

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have any of the risk factors for HIV infection, or if you develop symptoms of AIDS. By law, AIDS testing must be kept confidential. Your health care provider will review results of your...

The physician oversees the treatment strategy and patient evaluation for patients who are HIV-positive and/or have AIDS. Adherence to treatment is a critical aspect of clinical care in AIDS, and nurses play a key role in educating patients and pro...

A physician who specializes in the treatment of children from birth through adolescence. A pediatrician is a physician who has taken extra training in the development and diseases of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults through age 21. Parents are advised to begin the process of selecting a Parents rely on their pediatrician for support and advice as well as medical care. pediatrician about three months before their baby is due to be born. Most obstetricians will assist with the referral, and the American Academy of Pediatrics also offers a referral service. Other parents may also have recommendations and advice to offer. Because new parents will rely on their pediatrician for support and advice as well as medical care, it is important that they feel comfortable with the personality and style of the pediatrician they choose. Many parents interview more than one pediatrician before making the final selection. It is necessary to designate a pediatrician before the baby is born, so that he or she can examine the newborn in the hospital shortly after birth. Pediatricians receive extensive training that begins with four years of medical school. A three-year residency—special training in pediatrics—follows. (The resident works under the supervision of an experienced physician or team of physicians to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to diagnose and treat childhood illnesses, diseases, and conditions.) Following the completion of the residency, the newly trained pediatrician is eligible to take the written examination offered by the American Board of Pediatrics. When the pediatrician passes the certification exam, he or she receives a certificate—which most will frame and display on the wall of their office—and earns the right to use the initials FAAP (Fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics) after his or her name. Only pediatricians that have passed the certification examination can join the American Academy of Pediatrics. As of 1997, there were over 48,000 board-certified pediatricians who were members of the Academy. Some pediatricians then elect to pursue more study in a specific area of pediatrics—known as a subspecialty. Subspecialties include: adolescent medicine; allergy/immunology; ambulatory pediatrics; behavioral/developmental pediatrics; cardiology; child development; community pediatrics; critical care; dermatology; developmental biology; developmental disabilities; emergency medicine; endocrinology (glands and diabetes); gastroenterology; general academic pediatrics/epidemiology; genetics/dysmorphology (inherited diseases); hematology/oncology (blood disorders/childhood cancers); immunology; infectious disease; metabolism; neonatal/perinatal medicine; nephrology (kidneys); neurology (nervous system); nutrition; pathology; pharmacology/toxicology; public health/preventive medicine; pulmonology; radiology; rheumatology; and teratology. Parents may also need to call on a medical specialist—such as an ophthalmologist or surgeon—who has received special training in pediatrics. Pediatricians are called on to provide a variety of services to families, including diagnosing illness, prescribing treatment, counseling families, monitoring the growing child's physical, mental, and social development, and advising adolescents on a range of emotional and social issues. Pediatricians may also participate in research, advocacy for social and legislative changes to benefit all children, and in public education on issues like nutrition, injury and disease prevention, and in providing guidelines for safe participation in athletics.

Detailed information on pediatricians and what formal education is required

Detailed information on choosing a pediatrician

American pediatrician 1870–1960 A portrait of Owen Wilson. In the preface of "The Care and Feeding of Southern Babies," Wilson said that other similar works focused on childrearing in cooler climates, and therefore were inapplicable to infants in the southern United States. [Eskind Library, Vanderbilt University.] A native of Tennessee, Owen Wilson was a pioneer in pediatric medicine. Born on July 20, 1870, he entered Vanderbilt University in 1884, at the age of fourteen, and graduated with an engineering degree in 1889. He immediately enrolled in Vanderbilt University's Medical School, and graduated two years later. Wilson pursued additional training at New York Polyclinic Medical School and Hospital. After practicing with a prominent Nashville surgeon for several years, Wilson decided to specialize in children's diseases. He established a large pediatric practice in Nashville and served as Professor of Pediatrics at Vanderbilt University Medical School from 1909 through 1942. In 1926, Wilson published a book entitled The Care and Feeding of Southern Babies: A Guide for Mothers, Nurses, and Baby Welfare Workers in the South. Wilson believed that babies in the southern United States, because of climate and family food habits, required different feeding guidelines than those generally given in the early twentieth century. In his book, Wilson offered instruction on the care and feeding of children from birth until age three, and he included tables of height, weight, and child development , as well as some recipes. Only three hundred copies of this book were published. Wilson suffered from a fatal heart attack on May 10, 1960. SEE ALSO B EIKOST ; B REASTFEEDING ; I NFANT N UTRITION . Karen Bryla

Detailed information on questions to ask your child's physician about cancer

After a doctor completes medical school and is licensed to practice medicine, the physician may pursue a rigorous 3 year training program in Internal Medicine. After passing an examination and completing the requirements, the doctor is eligible to become Board Certified in Internal Medicine, whereupon he or she becomes an Internist.

After a doctor completes medical school and is licensed to practice medicine, the physician may pursue a rigorous 3 year training program in Internal Medicine. After passing an examination and completing the requirements, the doctor is eligible to become Board Certified in Internal Medicine.

Harvard Medical School doctor addresses the question of whether a woman should see a gynecologist or an internist beyond her childbearing years.

After completion of medical school, the pediatrician completes another three years of training and must pass an examination to be Board Certified in Pediatrics. Pediatric- infectious-disease specialists complete at least three additional years of fellowship training in immunologic and infectious disease caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites.

Hospice and palliative-medicine specialists provide end-of-life care to patients with terminal illness or intractable pain. Because it is multi-disciplinary, comprehensive care for patients with complex pain, psychosocial, spiritual and palliative care needs, there are several tracks for training.

Nurses in public health settings work with community leaders, health and social-service agencies, high-risk groups, families, and individuals to identify and resolve unmet environmental, social, and health needs. Their role is to provide education about lifestyle and behavior choices that can help prevent illness and foster good health. public health nurses work in clinics, homes, schools, and other community locations. The Future of Public Health , published by the Institute of Medicine in 1988, initiated debate among public health nurse leaders and started a trend away from care of individuals in clinics toward an increased involvement with community groups such as healthy connections networks. This trend is expected to continue in the twenty-first century. J UDITH C AZZOLI ( SEE ALSO : Behavior, Health-Related ; Behavioral Change ; Future of Public Health ; Public Health Nursing )

Registered nurses, or RNs, are health care professionals who work as part of health care teams to promote health and prevent and treat disease. They are patient advocates and health care educators working to teach not only patients but also families and the community.

A social worker is a helping professional who is distinguished from other human service professionals by a focus on both the individual and his or her environment. Generally, social workers have at least a bachelor's degree from an accredited education program and in most states they must be licensed, certified, or registered. A Master's in Social Work is required for those who provide psychotherapy or work in specific settings such as hospitals or nursing homes.

Detailed information on the clinical social worker, one potential member of the rehabilitation team

A social worker is a helping professional who is distinguished from other human service professionals by a focus on both the individual and his or her environment. Generally, social workers have at least a bachelor's degree from an accredited education program and in most states they must be licensed, certified, or registered. A Master's in Social Work is required for those who provide psychotherapy or work in specific settings such as hospitals or nursing homes.

Learn how to put together a caregiving plan, draw on useful services, and address legal, medical, and financial planning issues. Also, find advice on involving family members, handling daily tasks, and maintaining your well being.

A nurse practitioner (NP) is a nurse with a graduate degree in advanced practice nursing.

HISTORY OF THE PROFESSION The first Physician Assistant (PA) training program was founded in 1965 at Duke University by Dr. Eugene Stead. Most programs require applicants to have at least 2 years of college experience. Applicants also need some experience within the health care setting, such as an emergency medical technician, ambulance attendant, health educator, licensed practical nurse or associate-degree nurse. However, because of the competitive environment, the average PA student has a bachelor's degree in some field and about 4 years of health-related experience. Educational programs for PAs are typically associated with colleges of medicine, and vary from 25 to 27 months in length. The first PA students were mostly military medics (or corpsmen) who were able to expand on the knowledge and experience they received in the military to move into a role in primary care. Over the years, male domination within the profession has consistently decreased, and about 58% of PAs today are women. The physician assistant role, legally associated with a supervising physician, has allowed PAs to perform tasks previously only performed by doctors: history taking, physical examination, diagnosis, and patient management. Numerous studies have noted the ability of PAs to provide high-quality health care - comparable to that of a doctor - for about 80% of the conditions seen in primary care settings. SCOPE OF PRACTICE The physician assistant is prepared, both academically and clinically, to provide health care services with the direction and responsible supervision of a doctor of medicine (MD) or osteopathy (DO. PA functions include performing diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive, and health maintenance services. PAs in all 50 states, Washington, D.C., and Guam have prescriptive practice privileges. They may not receive direct third-party (insurance) reimbursement for their services, but their services are billed for through their supervising doctor or employer. See also: Types of health care providers PRACTICE SETTINGS PAs practice in a variety of settings in nearly every medical and surgical specialty area. The majority (45) of them practice within primary care areas, with 28% in family practice. Other common practice areas are general surgery, surgical subspecialties, and emergency medicine. The remainder are involved in teaching, research, administration, or other nonclinical roles. PAs may practice in any setting in which a physician provides care, allowing the doctor to focus skills and knowledge in a more effective manner. PAs practice in both rural and inner city communities. About 30% of PAs practice in areas that have less than 50,000 people. Because of the ability and willingness of PAs to practice in rural areas, the distribution of health care providers throughout the general population has been enhanced. REGULATION OF PROFESSION Like many other professions, physician assistants are regulated at two different levels. Licensure takes place at the state level according to specific state laws. In contrast, certification is established through a national organization, with requirements for minimal practice standards being consistent across all states. Licensure: Laws specific to PA licensure may vary somewhat among the states. However, nearly all states require national certification prior to licensure. All state laws require PAs to have a supervising doctor. This physician does not necessarily have to be on site at the same location as the PA. Most states allow physician supervision to occur via telephone communication with periodic site visits. Supervising doctors typically review and sign all visits recorded in the patient's file by the PA. Certification: In the early stages of the profession, the AAPA (American Association of Physic

A laboratory technician is an individual who, under the direct supervision of a laboratory scientist, processes and prepares samples from humans, animals, food, water, soil, and air for examination and testing and who performs routine laboratory tests using written standard testing protocols. In some public health clinics, the laboratory technician is also responsible for collecting the specimens, preparing specimens for shipment to reference laboratories, and for preparing and distributing the reports of the test results. The laboratory technician may also be responsible for routine quality control procedures such as recording temperatures of refrigerators, freezers, and water baths. Additionally, the laboratory technician prepares reagents necessary for testing. K ATHLEEN L. M ECKSTROTH . ( SEE ALSO : Assurance of Laboratory Testing Quality ; Diagnostic Testing for Communicable Disease ; Laboratory Services ; Practice Standards ; Reference Laboratory )

Cytopathology is a subspecialty of Pathology. A pathologist is a doctor who has completed medical school and two to three years of residency training in Pathology.

Doctors who are Board Certified Medical Microbiologists are pathologists who have sought further training in medical microbiology. Pathology is one of 24 medical specialties recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS).

The American Board of Medical Specialties recognizes Family Medicine as a distinct discipline requiring an additional three years of training for doctors who wish to become Board Certified in this field. Family Medicine doctors are usually primary care providers (PCPs) [formerly general practitioners, or GPs] for the entire family.

Pathologists are doctors who complete a three- to four-year residency-training program in pathology. The pathologist uses information derived from the laboratory testing of body fluids and tissue samples to aid in the diagnosis, management of treatment and prognosis of disease.

Pathologists are doctors who complete a three- to four-year residency training program in pathology. The pathologist uses information derived from the laboratory testing of body fluids and tissue samples to aid in the diagnosis, management of treatment and prognosis of disease.

Pharmacology is the study of how drugs act on biological systems.

Today's pharmacists counsel you on how to use your medicine correctly and help protect you against overdoses and dangerous drug interactions.

In addition to dispensing prescription medications, many pharmacies serve as health consultation centers.

Pharmacists do much more than count tablets and pour liquids. Their main job is to focus on the medications you take and the effect they have.