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The use of the taxonomic category African American, either in public or health or other disciplines, fundamentally reflects the historic and contemporary systems of racial stratification in American society. The term " African American, " as a categorical descriptor, includes many different segments of the American population referred to as " black " or Americans of sub-Saharan African ancestry.
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Alternate terms: Black English; African American Vernacular English. The form of English spoken by many black Americans, especially those living in urban, inner-city neighborhoods.
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Autoimmune disorders are conditions in which a person ' s immune system attacks the body ' s own cells, causing tissue destruction. Autoimmunity is accepted as the cause of a wide range of disorders, and it is suspected to be responsible for many more.
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An autoimmune disorder is a condition that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue. There are more than 80 different types of autoimmune disorders. See also: Immune response
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Detailed information on autoimmune diseases and pregnancy
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Autoimmune disorders are conditions in which a person's immune system attacks the body's own cells, causing tissue destruction. Autoimmunity is accepted as the cause of a wide range of disorders and suspected to be responsible for many more.
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Doctors divide autoimmune diseases in two categories: Those that attack a specific organ and those that target many organs.
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Diseases in which the immune system attacks the body ' s own healthy tissues, forming antibodies in an assault on mistakenly identified " foreign invaders. " Autoimmune disorders occur when the body ' s immune system loses its ability to recognize the differences between self and nonself tissues.
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Cocaine: Understanding Its EffectsCocaine is a powerful drug that overstimulates the central nervous system and produces an artificial euphoria. Use can create a harmful dependency that affects behavior and multiplies health risks.
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Cocaine use ranges from occasional to compulsive. There is no safe way to use the drug.
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I have two foster children ages 7 and 8. Their mother is a cocaine addict. What type of developmental problems could happen because of this? We already see anger and frustration issues.
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are medicines that relieve pain , swelling, stiffness, and inflammation. Purpose Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are prescribed for a variety of painful conditions, including arthritis, bursitis , tendinitis , gout , menstrual cramps, sprains, strains, and other injuries.
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This report includes sections on osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system, medications, diet, exercise, and the emotional strain of living with arthritis.
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Two studies of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia who took NSAIDs found conflicting results: one group were more likely to suffer from acute urinary retention, while another showed a reduced risk of BPH symptoms.
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A collection of information and advice on pain relievers, including watching the dosage of acetaminophen to avoid liver damage, heart risk from NSAID use, and warnings about blood pressure and kidneys.
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Discusses the use of anti-inflammatory drugs in cancer prevention and cites numerous studies on the protective value of NSAIDs and coxibs to a variety of cancers.
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are medications other than corticosteroids that relieve pain, swelling, stiffness, and inflammation. Purpose Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed for a variety of painful conditions, including arthritis, bursitis, tendinitis, gout, menstrual cramps, sprains, strains, and other injuries.
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Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce pain and inflammation. Purpose NSAIDs often are used to relieve mild to moderate pain for all types of cancer.
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Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs - Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are medicines that relieve pain , swelling, stiffness, and inflammation. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are prescribed for a variety of painful conditions, including arthritis, bursitis, tendonitis, gout, menstrual cramps, sprains , strains , and other injuries.
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I understand that NSAID patches are used in Europe to treat some kinds of arthritis. Are they available in the United States?
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Even over-the-counter NSAIDS like naproxen, ibuprofen, and acetominophen can have risks and side effects.
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Doctor dicusses effects of prolonged Advil use.
Q I have been taking two Advil tablets two or three times per day to reduce pain and inflammation in my knees. Could it be harmful to do this for an extended period of time, say a year?
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A Harvard Medical School doctor answers questions about aspirin, ibuprofen, and other common pain relievers.
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Smoking is the inhalation of the smoke of burning tobacco encased in cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. Casual smoking is the act of smoking only occasionally, usually in a social situation or to relieve stress .
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Question: What are the negative effects of smoking?Answer: Smokers have an increased risk of the following:Lung cancerLung diseaseHeart attackHeart diseaseHypertensionStrokeOral cancerBladder cancerPancreatic cancerCervical cancerPregnancy complic...
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When you smoke, toxins are carried by your blood to every organ in your body. At the same time, the carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke keeps red blood cells from carrying as much oxygen as normal.
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Use of cigarettes and other tobacco products to engage in a habit that almost always leads to addiction. Every day 3,000 young people light up their first cigarette; every year a million teenagers become regular smokers.
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Right away, you may cough, wheeze, and have a sore throat—that’s the tar clogging up your lungs. You may also have a headache, feel dizzy, and be nauseated—that’s the nicotine in your brain. Over time, you risk lung and throat cancer, and lung diseases like emphysema and bronchitis.
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Smoking is the inhalation of the smoke of burning tobacco encased in cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. Casual smoking is the act of smoking only occasionally, usually in a social situation or to relieve stress .
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Ex-smokers' risk of heart disease may eventually approach that of a lifetime nonsmoker, but their risk of lung cancer is less likely to fade, even after long periods of time.
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Hear the facts about smoking from those who have been doing it for a few years. Find a smoker or two. Ask a few questions. See if their answers sound something like these.
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Smoking during pregnancy reduces oxygen and blood flow to your baby. This may cause bleeding problems that can put your pregnancy at risk.
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Smoking is the inhalation of the smoke of burning tobacco that is used mostly in three forms: cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. Casual smoking is the act of smoking only occasionally, usually in a social situation or to relieve stress.
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Detailed information on respiratory diseases and smoking, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer
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When you are trying to quit, the support of friends, coworkers and family members can make a big difference.
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Quitting smoking is one of the best things you can do to keep your heart disease from getting worse. Smoking reduces oxygen flow to your heart, speeds plaque buildup, and increases your risk for heart attack.
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Life may seem out of control, but you're really making progress. You're going through withdrawal, which is how your body recovers from smoking.
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One of the major triggers for asthma attacks is cigarette smoke. Cigarette, pipe or cigar smoke is especially harmful to people with asthma because it damages the cells in the lungs that make the protective coating lining the bronchial tubes.
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The most common reasons include: "Smoking gives me more energy. I smoke to keep from slowing down. I reach for a cigarette when I need a lift. When I'm tired, smoking perks me up."
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Everybody knows smoking is bad for your health. Now here's something you may not know: Smoking is bad for your looks. It's true.
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Detailed information on teens and smoking
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Do you have healthy gums? You may kiss them goodbye if you're a smoker.
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Smoking damages your arteries, and it’s thought that the damaged arteries in the discs and joints in your back may lead to pain and injury.
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Teens who smoke are more likely to quit if they can be convinced to participate in a cessation program that emphasizes the health risks of smoking, provides motivational encouragement and coping skills, and encourages a healthy overall lifestyle.
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For most people, the best way to quit smoking is some combination of medicine, a method to change personal habits and emotional support.
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Smoking is an important and preventable cause of death and illness. However, as more money has been spent on smoking cessation programs, the incidence of cigarette smoking has risen.
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Every day, nearly 6,000 teens and pre-teens try cigarettes for the first time, according to the American Lung Association. A third of these first-timers will end up becoming smokers.
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I know that smoking is very bad for me. I've cut down to one cigarette after lunch and another after dinner each day, with two or three more on most weekend nights when I socialize. I really enjoy smoking, but I want to know if I'm harming myself.
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The personal motivation list will help you identify the benefits of quitting, for you, for your family, and for your friends.
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A smoker's recovery plan includes listing those activities that you have chosen to help reduce the pressures of nicotine withdrawal and staying smoke-free.
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Among other things, keep a personal benefits log. Write down the benefits you experience from being smoke-free (for example, I can smell flowers again!) Write the specific occurrence, the date it first happened, and your reaction.
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When people consider the cost of smoking, they usually focus on the cost of the cigarettes alone. But that's only the first step.
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Stress is defined as an organism ' s total response to environmental demands or pressures. When stress was first studied in the 1950s, the term was used to denote both the causes and the experienced effects of these pressures.
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Stress can come from any situation or thought that makes you feel frustrated, angry, or anxious. What is stressful to one person is not necessarily stressful to another. Anxiety is a feeling of apprehension or fear. The source of this uneasiness is not always known or recognized, which can add to the distress you feel.
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Everyone feels stress from time to time. It's a fact of daily life. Stress has its upside, but too much of it can leave you feeling out of control. And chronic stress can have negative consequences on your health.
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In this report you'll learn about a multitude of techniques that can help reduce stress, including breath focus, progressive muscle relaxation, meditation, yoga, massage, and more.
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Disturbance in the physiology of the individual. Among psychologists and psychiatrists, stress refers to a psychological reaction within the person to events that generate strong emotion that cannot be easily regulated; for other social scientists, the term stress is used to describe a disturbance in the individual ' s physiology.
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Sometimes no matter how hard and fast you work, you miss your deadline, adding to your physical and emotional stress.
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Knowing the causes of your stress will help you find ways to manage it.
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Stress is defined as an organism's total response to environmental demands or pressures. When stress was first studied in the 1950s, the term was used to denote both the causes and the experienced effects of these pressures.
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When you're faced with a highly stressful event in your life, the strategies outlined here will help you cope.
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Ways to manage stress: Get enough sleep, follow a healthy diet and make time for yourself.
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Many people believe stress is all in the mind. But dealing with stressful situations can have physiological consequences.
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By consciously learning to be present and mindful, you can transform your inattention to attention and your stress into solutions.
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Some stress is inevitable, but as you grow older, the key is to minimize stress while maximizing happiness and enjoyment.
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Detailed information on women and managing stress
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If you take a healthy attitude toward stress in your travel plans, the payoffs include improved physical well-being, mental alertness and better job performance.
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Lower your risk: Control stress. When you’re stressed, your heartbeat speeds up and your blood pressure skyrockets. The next time you feel tension taking over, sit back and look at what’s bothering you.
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Yoga is one of the few stress-relief tools that has a positive effect on all the body systems involved.
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Recent studies are changing our notion about why men develop impotence. While it was once believed that psychological problems were the main cause, we now understand that medical factors -- such as poor blood flow, nerve damage, and medication side effects -- play an important role in most cases of impotence.
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As a working parent, do you need some relief from the stress of managing a career and a family?
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Your wedding day can be one of the best days of your life, it can also be one of the most stressful.
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By understanding what is causing you stress, you may be able to make changes to help you feel more in control.
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Practicing deep, focused breathing is a relaxation technique that can help alleviate stress, which in turn will likely have positive effects on general health and well-being.
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A British study suggests a link between increased stress and a rise in cholesterol level, and a follow-up several years later showed the trend continued over time.
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New research shows that prolonged stress can accelerate the aging of body cells.
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Definitions Stress is a term that refers to the sum of the physical, mental, and emotional strains or tensions on a person. Feelings of stress in humans result from interactions between persons and their environment that are perceived as straining or exceeding their adaptive capacities and threatening their well-being.
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Over the course of evolution, the human mind and body have developed means of handling stressful situations. Over the short term, such stress response pathways are highly adaptive, allowing a person to manage his or her resources in order to navigate the crisis; in some cases, however, these processes go awry and result in pathology.
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Stress is an individual ' s physical and mental reaction to environmental demands or pressures. When stress was first studied, the term was used to denote both the causes and the experienced effects of these pressures.
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Women experience symptoms of stress 30 percent more often than men, research has shown.
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The formula for success at work is not only hard work, but also frequent breaks for mental and physical rest.
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No one can avoid all stress -- and a certain amount actually is good for you. But it's always best to keep unhealthy levels in check when possible.
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Mental stress does more than diminish your sense of well-being. It also can increase your risk for heart disease.
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The more you learn about the pressure times and triggers at your workplace, the better you'll be able to plan for them.
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Stress is a powerful force for good and for ill. It can help us cope with life's challenges, but it can also affect our health by making pre-existing conditions worse or even bringing on new ones.
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Anything that brings on feelings of stress is called a stressor. Today, we often face many stressors.
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Guidelines from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology offer advice on protecting the heart during noncardiac surgery.
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My fingertips have recently started peeling. I have been under a considerable amount of stress lately. Could there be any correlation?
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What is the relationship between stress and infertility?
Joan Bengtson, M.D., is assistant professor of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive biology at Harvard Medical School and a member of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproduction at Brigham and Women's Hospital.
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In experiments on mice, suppressing a chemical linked to stress and appetite prevented the formation of abdominal fat cells, which could lead to new possibilities for weight loss drugs.
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Resilience is the ability to handle stressful events and remain mentally strong and healthy. The presence of a certain form of neurochemical may be one explanation for why some people are more resilient than others.
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Stress tests are not recommended unless you experience chest pain or tightness during exercise or other activities that stress the heart.
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To manage your stress, you must first learn to recognize when you are under stress. Every one reacts to stress differently; find out how you respond to stressful situations.
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No matter the source of your stress, it can produce physical, mental, and emotional symptoms that can affect any part of the body.
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Whether your credit card balances are soaring, or you and your partner are arguing constantly over nickels and dimes, there are things you can do to relieve financial stress.
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Here are suggestions on how to avoid and deal with the stresses in your life.
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During stressful times, your body produces various chemicals, including cortisol, an immune-suppressing hormone. The more cortisol produced, the weaker your immune cells become and the more susceptible you are to illness.
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You're familiar with the symptoms of stress -- a pounding heart, increased perspiration, tight neck and shoulder muscles, anxiety and fear. But you may not know how to prevent or relieve these symptoms.
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Pneumonia in an immunocompromised host describes a lung infection that occurs in a person whose ability to fight infection is greatly reduced. See also: Hospital-acquired pneumonia; Mycoplasma pneumonia; Pneumonia - cytomegalovirus; Pneumonia; Viral pneumonia; Walking pneumonia.
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Discharge Instructions for Immunocompromised PatientsYou have either undergone a procedure or been diagnosed with an illness that has made you "immunocompromised." This means that your immune system is very weak, making it difficult to fight off i...
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Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is the most commonly used drug in the world. Pharmacologically, alcohol is classified as a central nervous system depressant.
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Alcoholism is drinking alcoholic beverages at a level that interferes with physical health, mental health, and social, family, or job responsibilities.
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This report includes information on recognizing the symptoms of problem drinking, treatment techniques, coping with a loved one's drinking, and overcoming denial.
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