Amebic Dysentery : Risk Factors
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Contaminated food
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Homosexuality, Male
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Inadequate sanitation
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Living in residential institution
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Travel to Endemic Areas
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Water Pollution
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Defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as diseases " of an infectious or toxic nature caused by, or thought to be caused by, the consumption of food or water, " food-borne diseases are an important cause of morbidity and economic loss worldwide. Countries that keep statistics (usually industrialized countries), may record tens of thousands of cases annually, but it is acknowledged that only a small proportion are reported centrally (see Table 1).
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Groundwater can be defined as any body of water that is contained in underground waterways known as aquifers. Because groundwater flows through compressed gravel and soil deposits, it flows very slowly.
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Food poisoning is a general term for health problems arising from eating food contaminated by viruses, chemicals, or bacterial toxins. Types of food poisoning include bacterial food poisoning, shellfish poisoning, and mushroom poisoning.
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Food poisoning refers to illness arising from eating contaminated food. Food may be contaminated by bacteria, viruses, environmental toxins, or toxins present within the food itself, such as the poisons in some mushrooms or seafood.
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Salmonella food poisoning is a bacterial infection that causes inflammation (swelling) of the lining of the stomach and intestines ( gastroenteritis ). The causative bacteria is called Salmonella .
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Food poisoning is a general term for health problems arising from eating contaminated food. Food may be contaminated by bacteria, viruses, environmental toxins, or toxins present within the food itself, such as the poisons in some mushrooms or certain seafood.
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Salmonella food poisoning is a bacterial food poisoning caused by the Salmonella bacterium. It results in the swelling of the lining of the stomach and intestines ( gastroenteritis ).
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Food poisoning is a general term for health problems arising from eating contaminated food. Food may be contaminated by bacteria , viruses , environmental toxins, or toxins present within the food itself, such as the poisons in some mushrooms.
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One of the many luxuries Americans enjoy is access to the safest and most abundant food supply in the world. This stems from many advances and improvements in food safety, sanitation, and crop production that reduce the chance of food-safety problems, including food-borne illness, pesticide contamination, or infectious disease.
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During the 1960s, the Cuyahoga River in Ohio caught fire, Lake Erie was so polluted it was said to be dying, and human sewage and pollution commonly killed fish in the nation ' s rivers and streams. Public concern grew so overwhelming that the United States Congress enacted the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 over the veto of President Richard Nixon.
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Disinfection is the most important step in the water treatment process to destroy pathogenic bacteria and other harmful agents. Because chlorination is a very common and effective method for such disinfection, most drinking water is treated with chlorine.
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In the United States, the rate of consumption of drinking water is almost 100 gallons per person per day. Only a small portion of the " drinking water " supplied by public water systems is actually used for drinking; other uses include toilet flushing, bathing, cooking, cleaning, and lawn watering.
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The term " pollution, " which carries with it a sense of an impurity, can be defined as a chemical or physical agent in an inappropriate location or concentration. The sources of pollution are varied.
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" Water quality " is a technical term that is based upon the characteristics of water in relation to guideline values of what is suitable for human consumption and for all usual domestic purposes, including personal hygiene. Components of water quality include microbial, biological, chemical, and physical aspects.
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The goal of water treatment is to reduce or remove all contaminants that are present in the water. No water, irrespective of the original source, should be assumed to be completely free of contaminants.
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An adult human needs to drink at least 1.5 liters of water a day to replace fluid lost in urine, sweat, and respired air and to perform essential biochemical functions.
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Charles-Edward Amory Winslow (1877-1957) was a seminal figure in public health, not only in his own country, the United States, but in the wider Western world. His vision and intellectual leadership enabled him, more than anyone else, to influence the development of public health services in the United States as well as in many European nations.
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