Semen analysis Health Article

Definition

Semen analysis is a test to measure the amount and quality of a man's semen and sperm. Semen is the thick, white, sperm-containing fluid released during ejaculation.

The test is sometimes called a sperm count.

Alternative Names

Male fertility test; Sperm count

How the test is performed

You will need to provide a semen sample. Your health care provider will explain how to collect a sample.

Sample collection may involve masturbation and collecting the sperm into a sterile container. It may also be collected during intercourse by using a special condom supplied by your health care provider.

A laboratory specialist must look at the sample within 2 hours of the collection. The earlier the sample is analyzed, the more reliable the results. The laboratory specialist will look at the sample to determine the following details:

• Fluid coagulation (thickening into a solid) and liquefication
• Fluid thickness, acidity, and sugar content
• Resistance to flow (viscosity)
• Sperm movement or motility
• Number and structure of the sperm
• Volume of semen

How to prepare for the test

Do not have any sexual activity that causes ejaculation for 2 - 3 days before the test.

How the test will feel

If you are uncomfortable about how the sample is to be taken, discuss it with your health care provider.

Why the test is performed

Semen analysis is one of the first tests done to evaluate a man's fertility. It can help determine if a problem in sperm production or quality of the sperm is causing infertility. Approximately half of couples unable to have children have a male infertility problem.

The test may also be used after a vasectomy to make sure there are no sperm in the semen. This can confirm the success of the vasectomy.

The test may also be performed for the following condition:

• Klinefelter syndrome