Salivary gland infections Health Article

Definition

This is a disorder caused by viral or bacterial infection of the salivary glands.

Alternative Names

Parotitis; Sialadenitis

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

The salivary glands produce saliva, which moistens food to aid in chewing and swallowing. Saliva contains enzymes that begin the digestion process.

Saliva also aids in mechanical cleansing of the mouth by washing away bacteria and food particles. Saliva keeps the mouth moist, which helps keep dentures or orthodontic appliances (such as retainers) in place.

There are 3 pairs of salivary glands. The 2 largest are the parotid glands, 1 in each cheek over the jaw in front of the ears. Two submandibular glands are at the back of the mouth on both sides of the jaw. Two sublingual glands are under the floor of the mouth.

All of the salivary glands empty saliva into the mouth through ducts that open at various locations in the mouth. Parotitis (parotiditis) is an inflammation of one or both of the parotid salivary glands.

An infection of the salivary glands is somewhat common. Viral infections such as mumps often affect the salivary glands (mumps most often affects the parotid glands). This form of parotitis is now much more rare in children because of the MMR immunization vaccine.

Bacterial infections usually result from obstruction (such as salivary duct stones) or poor oral hygiene.

Symptoms

• Swelling of the face (particularly in front of the ears, below the jaw, or on the floor of the mouth)
• Dry mouth
• Abnormal tastes, foul tastes
• Mouth or facial pain, especially when eating
• Decreased ability to open the mouth
• Fever

Signs and tests

An examination by the health care provider or dentist shows enlarged salivary glands. Pus may drain into the mouth. The gland may be painful, particularly with bacterial infections. Viral infections such as mumps may cause painless swelling of the glands.