Liver biopsy Health Article

Definition

The liver is a pyramid-shaped organ that lies within the upper right side of the abdomen. In a typical liver biopsy, a needle is inserted through the rib cage or abdominal wall. The needle goes into the liver to take a sample for examination.

The procedure can also be performed by inserting a needle into the jugular vein. A catheter is then passed through the veins, down to the liver, to take the sample.

Alternative Names

Biopsy - liver; Percutaneous biopsy

How the test is performed

The test is usually done in the hospital. You may be given a sedative (a medication to calm you) or pain medication by injection before the test. If the biopsy is through the abdominal wall, you will be lying on your back with your right hand under your head. It is important to be as still as possible.

The health care provider will examine the liver and determine the correct spot for the biopsy needle to be inserted. The skin will be cleansed, and a small needle will be used to inject a local anesthetic to numb the area. A small incision (cut) is made, and the biopsy needle is inserted. You will then be instructed to hold your breath while the biopsy is taken. This is to reduce the chance of puncturing the lung or tearing the liver.

The needle is inserted and removed quickly. Pressure will be applied to stop bleeding, and a bandage is placed over the insertion site. Ultrasound is often used to guide the needle.

If the procedure is performed through the jugular vein, you will lie on your back on a table. The internal jugular vein in the neck will be located. The skin will be cleansed, and a small needle will be used to inject a local anesthetic to numb the area. A needle is then inserted to pass a catheter that is moved down to the liver. X-ray equipment will be used to check the location of the catheter. A specialized needle is then used through the catheter to obtain the biopsy sample.

If you receive sedation for this test, you will need someone to drive you home.